English Grammar - Article a / an / the Test - 6

English Grammar - Article a / an / the Test - 6

The articles in the English language are - the and a / an.

1) She bought .... pair of pants and ..... skirt.

2) We saw .... jeep crash on Monday.

3) Ram moved to ...... Delhi.

4) I believe ..... man is slightly unfriendly.

5) I don't like .....cricket.

6) In some languages, articles are ..... special part of speech.

7) She is ....Indian.

8) the price of .... gas keeps rising.

9) Give me .... book.

10) ..... amazing thing happened to us yesterday.

Answers

1) a,a 2) a 3) no article needed 4) the 5) no article needed 6) a 7) an 8) no article needed 9) both a and the are ok here 10) an

A / An / The English Articles Exercises

English Grammar - Article a / an / the Test - 2

The articles in the English language are - the and a / an.

1) I don't like ....... bananas we bought yesterday.

2) Has anyone got ..... umbrella?

3) Let us sing ..... song?

4) They finished....... unit.

5) Toni has .... old car.

6) Each morning she eats ......egg for her breakfast.
h dghbn
7) Perry is drinking ....... orange juice.

8) Kartik is ...... best student in our class.

9) She has ....... my jeep today.

10) We went to ...... sea during our summer holidays.

Answers

A / An / The English Articles Exercises

English Grammar - Article a / an / the Test - 10

The articles in the English language are - the and a / an.

1) This women is wearing .... awful hat.

2) Have you seen .... ticket, I talked about yesterday?

3) I'm studying ......Economics this year.

4) We need ..... bottle of water.

5) I go to ......university.

6) His father works as ... electrician.

7) The Potatoes are 80 cents ..... kilo.

8) We live in .... house.

9) Are you sure this is .... man who stole the car.

10) We love to sail over ..... water.

Answers

A/ An / The English Articles Exercises

English Grammar - Article a / an / the Test - 3

The articles in the English language are - the and a / an.

1) ...... best film I've ever seen is Indian.

2) I don't like ...... cats, but I like my sister's dog.

3) You have ...... nice house.

4) My son is ...... optician.

5) She worked as ....... waitress.

6) Los Angeles has ..... ideal climate.

7) This month it falls on ..... 1st.

8) It is ....... very popular dancing room.

9) During their meetings one member of ......group usually gives .......long presentation.

10) That's ..... very expensive cycle!

Answers

A / An / The English Articles Exercises

English Grammar - Article a / an / the Test - 7

The articles in the English language are - the and a / an.

1. I went to ....... USA when I was 5 years old.

2. ...... apple a day keeps the doctor away.

3. She is ........ most famous actress I know.

4. London is on ...... River Thames.

5. She lives in ..... small town.

6. We don’t have ....... clue.

7. Mount Everest is in ....... Himalayas.

8. ........ coffee in my cup is not too cold.

9. The Indian Prime Minister lives on ...... 6th Race Road.

10. Hurry up. We don’t have ...... lot of time.

Answers

What Books and Burials Tell Us: Lesson 5 | Exercises-Solution | NCERT Class VI (6th) History Social Studies (Our Pasts-1).

What Books and Burials Tell Us: Lesson 5 | Exercises-Solution | NCERT Class VI (6th) History Social Studies (Our Pasts-1).

 1.Question. Match the columns:
Answer. Sukta      -----     Well-said.
              Chariots  -----      Used in battles.
               Yajna     -----     Sacrifice.
               Dasa      -----       Slave.             
              Megalith  -----     Stone boulder.                          
2.Question. Complete the sentences. 
Answer. (a) Slaves were used for various kind of work.
              (b) Megaliths are found in Deccan in the north, east and Kashmir.
              (c) Stone circles or boulders on the surface were used to cover the burial places.
              (d) Port-holes were used for entering the burial places.
              (e) People at Inamgaon ate Fruits, cereals and meat.

3.Question.In what ways are the books we read today different from the Rigveda?
Answer. The bookd we use are written and printed. The Rigveda was recited and heard rather than read. It was written down several centuries after it was first composed and printed less than 200 years ago.

A page from-manuscript of the Rigveda

4.Question. What kind of evidence from burials do archaeologists use to find out whether there were social differences  amongst those who were buried?
Answer. Archaeologists have found burial places which help them to reconstruct the past and tell about the society. At Brahmagiri, the archaeologists have found on skeleton buried with 33 gold beads, 2 stone beads, 4 copper bangles and one conch shell. Other skeletons have only a few pots. These finals suggest that there was some difference in status amongst the people who were buried. Some were rich, others poor, some chief other followers.

A dagger from megalithic burials

5.Question. In what ways do you think that the life of the raja was different from that of a dasa or dasi?
Answer.The rajas did not have capitals, places or armies, nor did they collect taxes. Generally the sons did not automatically succeed fathers as rajas.
There were people who did not perform sacrifices and probably spoke different languages. Later the term came to mean dasa (and the feminine dasi)or slave. Slaves were men and women captured in the war. They were treated as the property of the owners, who could make them do any work they wanted.

6.Question. Find out whether your school library has a collection of books on , and list the names of five books front this collection.
Answer. The five books on religion are:

Books	Religions
1. Guru GranthSahib	Sikh
2. Zoroastrianism	Zend-ei-Avesta
3. Islam	Qaran.
4. Christians	Bible
5. Judaism	Old Testament

7.Question. Write down a short poem or song that you have memorised. Did you hear or read the poem or song? How did you learn it buy heart?
Answer.  A Song which  we have memorized is a song from film Jagriti (1954), sung and written by the legendary poet and singer kavi Pradeep.

आओ बच्चो तुम्हे दिखाये झाकी हिन्दुस्थान की

इस मिट्टि से तिलक करो यह धरती है बलिदान की, इस मिट्टि से तिलक करो यह धरती है बलिदान की

 वन्दे मातरम् वन्दे मातरम् वन्दे मातरम् वन्दे मातरम्

ये है मुल्क मराठों का यहा शिवाजी डोला था ये है मुल्क मराठों का यहा शिवाजी डोला था

मुघलों की ताकत को इसने तलवारों पे तोला था मुघलों की ताकत को इसने तलवारों पे तोला था

हर पर्बत पर आग लगी थी हर पर्बत एक शोला था हर पर्बत पर आग लगी थी हर पर्बत एक शोला था

बोली हर हर महदेव की बच्चा बच्चा बोला था बोली हर हर महदेव की बच्चा बच्चा बोला था

शेर शिवजी ने रख्खी थी लाज हमारे शान की, शेर शिवजी ने रख्खी थी लाज हमारे शान  की.

वन्दे मातरम् वन्दे मातरम् वन्दे मातरम् वन्दे मातरम्

We heard and saw this song in film Jagriti,  2-3 times on TV. Also during Independence Day and Republic Day celebrations, this song is very often broadcasted by All India Radio and even telecasted by  Door Darshan on TV.

8.Question. In the Rigveda, people were described in terms of the work they did and the languages they spoke. In the table below, fill in the names of six people you know, choosing three men and three women. For each of them, mention the work they do and the language they speak. Would you like to add anything else to the description?
Answer. In the Rig-Veda people were describe in term of the work they did and the language they spoke. In the table below fill the names fsix people you know, three men and three women. For each of them, mention the work they do and they language they speak. Would you like to add anything else to the description.

Name	Work	Language	Anything else
1. Teacher in my school (Female)	Teaching.	English and Hindi.	Sometimes they act the scene with the help of the children.
2.  Doctors (Male),	Gives medical treatment.	Generally Hindi sometimes English	Examines the body parts, gives medicine and sometimes a dose of injection
3. Vegetables Sellers (Male)	Sells vegitables	Hindi.	Use haggling and tries to give less weight
4. Maid-Servant (Female)	Does Households work	Hindi.	Sometimes cooks food and very often take leave
5. Driver (Male)	Drive our cars	Hindi.	Drop us to school, takes us to any other place
6. Salesgirl in the Shop (Female)	Display the goods in the shops and show them to customers	English and Hindi.	Gossip a lot, tries to sell the goods as quickly as possible

In The Earliest Cities: Lesson 4 | Exercises - Solution | NCERT Class VI (6th) | History Social Studies (Our Pasts-1).

 Exercises - Solutions :: Questions and Answers.
1.Question. How  do archaeologists know that cloth was used in the Harappan civilization?
Answer.  Archaeologists know that people in the in the Harappan civilization use cloth because they have found  pieces of cloth attached to the lid of a silver vase. They have also found spindle whorls, made of terracotta and faience. They were used to spin thread.

The Great Bath of Harappan cities

2.Question. Match the following .

1. Copper --------------------------- Gujarat
2. Gold ------------------------------Afghanistan
3. Tin ------------------------------- Rajasthan
4. Precious stones -------------------Karnataka

Answer.

1. Copper   ---- ----------------- Rajasthan.
2. Gold       ----------------------Karnataka.
3. Tin         ---------------------- Afghanistan. 
4. Precious stones  -------------- Gujarat.

3.Question. Why were metals, writing, the wheel and the plough  important for the Harappans?

Answer. 

Metals: Archaeologists have found things made of metal, including copper, bronze, gold and silver Copper and bronze were used to tools, weapons, ornaments and vessels. Gold and silver  were used to make ornaments and vessels.

Writing:  There were scribes, people who know how to write, they helped to prepare seals, kept a record and wrote on materials that have not survived.

Wheel:  It played a great role in the life of Harappans for example:

1.  People could travels long distance easily.
2. Goods were carried easily to one place to another.

Plough:  It was used to dig the earth for turning the soil are planting seeds.

A stone statue of an
important man found
from Mohenjodaro

4.Question. Make a list of all the terracotta toys show in the  lesson. Which do you think children  would have enjoyed playing with most?
Answer. Most of the  terracotta toys are the models of clay, which show animal figures. Most probably the toys are models of cattle, rhinoceros, cow etc.

5.Question. Make a list of what Harappans ate, and put a tick mark against the things you eat today.
Answer. The people of Harappans grew wheat, barely, pulses, peas, rice, sesame, linseed and mustard. We today eat all these things they collected ber, hunted wild animal and caught fish.

6.Question. Do you think that life of farmers and herders who supplied food to the Harappan cities was different from that of the farmers and herders you read about in Chapter 3? Give reson for your answer.

Answer. The farmers and herders who gave food to the Harappan cities knew about agriculture and domestication of animals. So they supplied food to the city dwellers. The farmers and herders in the earlier period cultivated the fields themselves and domesticated the animals. So they provided their own food.

7.Question. Describe thee important buildings in your city or village. Are they located in a special part of the settlement (e.g the centre) ? What are the activities that take place in these buildings?
Answer. The thee important buildings in my city, Delhi, are:
(1) Rashtrapati Bhavan: It is the official residence of the President of India.
(2) Parliament House: Here elected representatives of the people meet and discuss all important issues regarding the countary.
(3) Supreme Court:  It is the highest Court of the country where all the cases are decided. The building is called the Supreme Court building.  

8.Question. Are there any old building  in your locality? Find out how old they are and who looks after them.
Answer.  There are many old building near my localtiy. There are:
(1) Red fort.  (2) Jama Masjid.  (3) Ferozeshah Kotla.

(1) Red Fort was constructed in the 17th century.
(2) Jama Masjid was also constructed in the 17th century.
(3) Ferozeshah Kotla was also constructed in the 15th century.
The Archaeological survey of India looks after these ancient buildings.

SEPERATION OF SUBSTANCES

Class Six Science

SEPERATION OF SUBSTANCES

In the day to day life, there are times when one needs to separate a useful substance from a mixture. This is done by using various methods of separation of substance.

Mixture: A substance which is composed of two or more substances; in which each component retains its unique property; is called mixture. Air is a mixture of gases. Water which we drink is a mixture of pure water and many other substances.

Pure Substance: A substance is called pure when each particle of the substance has the same unique property. For example; distilled water is pure water as each drop of it contains nothing but water.

Need for separation of substances: Taking out useful substances from a mixture is usually the main reason for separation of substances. Sometimes, we also need to separate substances when we need to use different components in different ways.

Separating solid from a mixture of solids

Handpicking- It is the simplest method of separation of substances. This method is used only when unwanted material is in small quantity. Moreover, shape, size, or colour of the unwanted material is different from that of the useful materials. For example; pebbles, broken grains and insects are separated from rice, wheat and pulses; by handpicking.

Threshing: Threshing is used for separating seeds from the harvested stalks.

• Manual Threshing: When the quantity is small, threshing is done manually. Small bundles of the harvested stalks are thrashed on a hard surface. This helps in separating the grains. 
• Threshing by Animals: For larger quantities, threshing is done in the traditional way; by using animals. For this, stalks are spread around a pole. Several bullocks are tied to the pole and are made to walk over the harvested stalks. Trampling by hooves of the animals helps in separating grains. 
• Threshing Machine: Now-a-days, threshing machines are used for the purpose. It can be powered by either a diesel engine or an electric motor. It helps in saving time and labour.

Sieving- When the size of particle it too small to be picked by hand or when the quantity is too large, sieving is used for separating substances. A sieve; having holes of proper size is used. The bigger particles are retained by the sieve whereas the smaller ones pass through it. For example; this method is used for separating bran from flour, sand from gravel, pearls of different sizes, etc.

Winnowing-The process of separation of lighter particles from heavier particles; with the help of wind; is called winnowing. This method is used for separating grains from husk. Farmers drop the mixture of wheat and husk from a height. The husk is carried by the wind and form a heap at a small distance away. The wheat grains being heavier fall vertically to form a separate heap.

Combine Harvester: Modern farming involves use of a machine; called combine harvester. This machine harvests, threshes and winnows in a single operation. Combine harvesters are used in developed countries; like the USA. In India, such machines can be seen in the farms of Punjab.

SEDIMENTATION, DECANTATION AND FILTRATION

These methods are usually used in combination. They are used for separating soluble and insoluble solids from a mixture of solids and liquid.

Sedimentation: Insoluble particles settle down at the bottom and the process is called sedimentation. For example; muddy water contains soil and sand in water. Soil and sand; being insoluble in water; settle down at bottom if water is allowed to stand for some time.

Decantation: This process is used after sedimentation. The upper layer; which contains water is slowly poured out from the container. It leaves the sediment behind.

Filtration: This method is used for separating fine insoluble solid particles from the liquid. In this process, the mixture is passed through a filter. The solid particles do not pass through the filter and clear liquid is collected.

Evaporation: The process of conversion of water into its vapour is called evaporation.

Condensation: The process of conversation of water vapour into its liquid called condensation.

Evaporation and condensation are used for separating a soluble solid from water. For example; salt can be separated from a solution of salt and water; by using the combination of evaporation and condensation.

Salt is prepared from sea water by evaporation and condensation. Sea water is collected in shallow pits and allowed to evaporate. The water evaporates and crystals of salt are obtained in the pits. The salt is then sent to factories for further purification.

Saturated Solution: When a solution of a liquid and solid has enough of the solid and it cannot take any more solid; the solution is called saturated solution. On the other hand, when more solid can be dissolved in the given solution; it is called unsaturated solution.

whole numbers

whole numbers

We learn numbers from a very young age. Here is an attempt to know about Whole numbers and their properties. We shall discuss closure property, commutativity, associativity and distributivity of whole numbers. We also discuss about the factors and multiples, perfect number, prime and composite numbers, twin primes and  co-prime numbers.

Natural numbers

Natural numbers, otherwise known as counting numbers, start from 1. Successive numbers are obtained by adding 1 . So the natural numbers are 1, 2 , 3, 4, 5, 6 etc.

Whole numbers

Unlike natural numbers, whole numbers start from 0. Other numbers are obtained by adding 1 successively. So the whole numbers are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 etc.

There is no upper limit to these numbers.

Let us say, to the contrary, that  a is the largest whole number.

We know that a+1 is also a whole number by the property of whole numbers.

As a+1>a, this is a contradiction. This contradiction has arisen  because of our wrong assumption that ‘a’ is the largest whole number. Thus we conclude that there is no largest whole number number.

Properties of Whole Numbers

Closure property: When we add or multiply two whole numbers, we always get a whole number. So we say that the whole  numbers are closed under the operations of addition and multiplication.

e.g. 2+3=5-> a Whole number

5+10=15 -> a Whole number

3×15=45 -> a Whole number

6×11=66 -> a Whole number

But when we subtract or divide, we will not get a Whole number always. So we can say that Whole numbers are not closed under the operations of subtraction and division.

e.g. 15-11= 4 -> a Whole number

6-13 = -7 -> not a Whole number

15 / 3 = 5 -> a Whole number

5/ 7 = 0.714285 …  -> not a Whole number

 Commutativity of addition and multiplication

Addition and multiplication are commutative for whole numbers. i.e. We can add or multiply two numbers in any order.

e.g. 2+3=3+2=5

5×7=7×5= 35

Associativity of addition and multiplication

We can associate any two whole numbers while adding three or more whole numbers.

e.g.  (2+3)+4=2+(3+4)=(2+4)+3=9

We can associate any two whole numbers while multiplying  three or more whole numbers.

e.g. (5×2)x4=5x(2×4)=(5×4)x2=40

Distributivity of multiplication over addition and subtraction

6x(5+7)=6×5+6×7=72

This is distributivity of multiplication over addition

4x(6-3)=4×6-4×3= 12

This is distributivity of multiplication over subtraction

Identity for addition

When we add 0 to any number, we get the same number.

6+0=6

8+0=8

Therefore,  0 is called the identity element for addition

Identity for multiplication

When we multiply any number by 1, we get the same number.

7×1=7

15×1=15

Therefore, 1 is called the identity element for multiplication.

Do you know-

that division by 0 is not defined in whole numbers?

that when we multiply any number by 0, we get 0?

Factors and multiples

A factor of a number is an exact divisor of that number.

1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 are the factors of 24. i.e. each one of these numbers divides 24 exactly.

In other words, 24 is a multiple of each one of its factors.

The number of factors of a given number are finite. There are exactly 8 factors of 24.

Prime number

The numbers others than 1 whose only factors are 1 and the number itself are called prime numbers.

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13 etc are prime numbers.

Numbers having more than two factors are called composite numbers.

4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12 etc are composite numbers

The number 1 is neither prime not composite. 1 is a unique number.

There are infinitely many primes.

Twin primes

Two prime numbers whose difference is 2 are called twin primes.

e.g. 3 and 5 are twin primes

11 and 13 are twin primes

17 and 19 are twin primes

Co primes

Two co-prime numbers have no common factor other than 1.

11 and 12 are co-prime.

Any two consecutive whole number are co-prime.

The co-prime numbers need not be primes.

Perfect numbers

A number for which sum of all its factors is equal to twice the number is
called a perfect number.

6 is a perfect number. The factors of 6  are 1, 2, 3 and 6. The sum of the factors is 12 which is twice the number 6.

Similarly 28 is another perfect number. The factors of 28 are 1, 2, 4, 7, 14 and 28. The sum of the factors is 56 which is twice the number 28.

Are you ready for few questions?

Choose the right option from the bracket and fill in the blanks.

1. The smallest whole number is ______. (1/0)
2. The only whole number which does not belong to natural numbers is _______. (1/0)
3. ________is the smallest prime number. (1/2)
4. ________ is the smallest composite number. (2/4)
5. ________ is the only even prime. (2/4)
6. 2 and 3 are __________. (twin primes/ co-prime)
7. 19 and 21 are ________. (twin primes/ co-prime)
8. ________ is the identity element of addition.(0/1)
9. ________ is the identity element of multiplication.(0/1)
10. Subtraction and division are ________. (commutative/ non-commutative)

Answers

1. 0
2. 0
3. 2
4. 4
5. 2
6. co-prime
7. co-prime
8. 0
9. 1
10. non-commutative

Hope you enjoyed the lesson.

Changes Around Us

Changes around us

Every day, we see different types of changes around us, like day turning into night, the season changing from winter to summer

To view the complete lesson click the video below

• 

Every day, we see different types of changes around us, like day turning into night, the season changing from winter to summer, melting of ice to water, cooking of food, and so on.
Changes take place around us all the time. However, all changes are the same. We get back the original substance in some, and can’t get them back in others. 
A reversible change is a change that can be undone or reversed.

• Melting is an example of a reversible change.
• Boiling, evaporation and condensation are all examples of reversible changes.
• For example, if you could capture all the steam that is made when a kettle boils, you could turn it back into water by cooling it.
• Some other examples of reversible changes are the melting of ice, folding a paper and blowing a balloon.
• A blacksmith changes a piece of iron into different tools. For that, a piece of iron is heated to red hot. This also softens it. It is then beaten into the desired shape. It is a reversible change.
An irreversible change is a permanent change that cannot be undone. In an irreversible change, new substances are formed.
• Cake batter is made from eggs, flour, sugar and butter. Once the cake has been baked, you cannot get the ingredients back.
• Heating a substance can cause an irreversible change.
• Cooking is another example. We cannot get back the substances that we originally started  with
• Mixing substances can also cause an irreversible change.
For example, when vinegar is mixed with bicarbonate of soda, you can observe the release of
carbon dioxide gas in the form of bubbles. Again, here, we cannot get back the original substances.
• Some other examples of irreversible changes are the digestion of food and heating of lime stone.
• The burning of wood is also an irreversible change. Once wood is burned, it changes to
ash, and we cannot get back the wood again.
Finally, our growth itself, as you can see, is an irreversible change.

Properties of Materials

Properties of Materials

Objects are categorised on the basis of their shapes, the materials they are made up of, and the properties of these materials.

To view the complete lesson click the video below

• 

Objects are categorised on the basis of their shapes, the materials they are made up of, and the properties of these materials.

• All objects around you have definite shapes. For example, eggs are oval and ice-cream cones are conical in shape. Objects can be classified on the basis of their shapes.
• Objects can be made from many different kinds of material, such as plastic, wood,

glass, metal, cotton, paper, leather, wool, rubber, and even soil. Therefore, all objects can be grouped on the basis of the material that they are made from.

• Sometimes, the same object can be made from different materials.

For instance, a pen could be made from metal or plastic, your shoes could be made from leather or cloth, and even the tumbler that we drink from could be made from plastic, glass or metal. Bottles could be made from plastic or glass, and chairs could either be wooden, metallic or plastic.

• Notebooks, greeting cards, newspapers and calendars are all made from paper.

Similarly, shoes, belts and bags that are made of leather form another group.
So, objects can be grouped according to the materials they are made of.

• Gold, copper, iron and aluminium look shiny, and are called lustrous materials.

Most metals have this property. Other materials like wood or plastic, are non-lustrous.

Metals like iron may react with the moisture in the air, which makes them lose their lustre and look dull.

• Iron is a good example of a very hard material. Materials that are considered hard are difficult to compress, while those that can be compressed or scratched easily are called soft materials. Cotton and sponge are examples of soft materials.
• Objects can be classified on the basis of properties of the materials that they are made from.
• Solubility is another important property of a material. Substances that completely dissolve in water are said to besoluble in water. Substances like sand and sawdust do not dissolve in water even if you stir them very well. They are said to be insoluble in water. Some gases can dissolve in water. For example, oxygen dissolved in water is useful for plants and animals that live underwater.
• Lighter materials like paper, leaves and wood float on the surface of water, while heavier objects, like those made from iron, sink in water.
• Materials like glass or plastic are called transparent as you can see through them. Objects made from transparent materials allow you to easily see what they contain.

Materials like wood, cardboard and metal are opaque, as you cannot see through objects made from these materials.
Some materials like plastic can be transparent or opaque, depending on the use for which the object is meant.
For example, try spotting the jar that contains cookies from among these containers!

• There are some materials that allow you to see through them, though not very clearly. Such materials are called translucent. Butter paper and frosted glass are examples of translucent material.

Thus, there are various properties on the basis of which you can group objects. Grouping is
useful for locating objects easily, such as on supermarket shelves. It also helps in studying the
properties of objects that are in these groups.